This bibliography is intended to include all the Dante translations published in this country in 1985 and all Dante studies and reviews published in 1985 that are in any sense American. The latter criterion is construed to include foreign reviews of American publications pertaining to Dante. The listing of reviews in general is selective, particularly in the case of studies bearing only peripherally on Dante.

As a rule, items cited from Dissertation Abstracts International are registered without further abstracting, since the titles tend to be self-explanatory. Items not recorded in the bibliographies for previous years are entered as addenda to the present list.

Generally, the citation of an individual study from a collected volume representing several authors is given in brief, while the main entry of the volume is listed with full bibliographical data in its alphabetical order. Issues of this journal under the former title Annual Report of the Dante Society continue to be cited in the short form of Report, with volume number.

I would like to thank Anthony Pellegrini for his generous assistance and guidance during this transitional period. The Dante Society is greatly indebted to him for his excellent work in the preparation of the American Dante Bibliography, a task which he accomplished singlehandedly for more than thirty years. During my tenure as compiler of the Bibliography, I hope to be able to measure up to the high standards which Tony established.

For their invaluable assistance in the preparation of this bibliography and its annotations my special thanks go to the following graduate students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison: Tonia Bernardi, Adriano Comollo, Scott Eagleburger, Jay Filipiak, Edward Hagman, Pauline Scott, Antonio Scuderi, and Elizabeth Serrin.

The Inferno. Translated by Nicholas Kilmer. Illustrated by Benjamin Martinez. Brookline Village, Massachusetts: Branden Publishing Co., 1985. 231 p. Illus. [1985]

The Divine Comedy. Vol. II: Purgatory. Translated with an introduction, notes, and commentary by Mark Musa. Harmondsworth and New York: Penguin Books, 1985. xxvi, 399 p. illus., diagrs. 18 cm. [1985]

This translation was originally published in 1981 by Indiana University Press (see Dante Studies, C, 134), here reprinted without the R.M. Powers drawings but with the addition of diagrams, an "Introduction to the Purgatory," a "Glossary and Index of Persons and Places," and a "Selected Bibliography." Also, the arguments have been prefixed to their respective cantos.

Dante's Inferno: The First Part of the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. Translated and Illustrated by Tom Phillips. London and New York: Thames and Hudson, 1985. 311 p. illus., color. [1985]

Abrams, Richard. "Illicit Pleasures: Dante among the Sensualists. Purgatorio XXVI)." In MLN, C, No. 1 (January), 1-41. [1985]

Focuses on the many aspects of sensuality found in Canto XXVI and on the terrace of the lustful as a whole. Beginning with the arresting image of the Pilgrim's shadow falling upon the sunlit flames, thus causing them to appear brighter in respect to the other flames around them, Abrams develops the theme of the interplay of shadow and light, pain and pleasure, sin and redemption, and how they are both interdependent and complementary.

Altizer, Thomas J.J. History as Apocalypse. SUNY Series in Religion. Albany: State U of New York Press. 265 p. [1985]

Includes a chapter on "Dante and the Gothic Revolution" (97-136) in addition to numerous references to Dante throughout the text. Discusses Dante's "heretical" views as expressed in De Monarchia and the Commedia in the larger context of the social and theological revolutions of the age.

Arbuckle, Nan. Categories of the Self-Conscious Narrator in Wolfram, Dante, and Chaucer." In Dissertation Abstracts International, XLV, No. 8 (February), 2519A. [1985]

Doctoral dissertation, The University of Oklahoma, 1984. 277 p.

Beal, Rebecca S. "Beatrice in the Sun: A Vision from Apocalypse." In Dante Studies, CIII, 57-78. [1985]

Argues that the reference to the mulier amicta sole in Revelation 12 and its iconographic and exegetical tradition lie behind the representation of Beatrice crowned by the 12 "stars" (the theologians) in Par. X (vv. 91-93). Hailed earlier as the sponsa in Purg. XXX ("Veni, sponsa, de Libano," 11), Beatrice would receive her crown here in Paradise, thus clarifying her significance as Ecclesia in the allegorical construct of the poem. Evidence from the dual iconographic tradition--Beatus and northern French--is brought to bear on the interpretation of this episode and its biblical source.

Bornstein, George. "Yeat's Romantic Dante." In Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.), pp. 11-38. [1985]

Reprinted from Colby Literary Quarterly, XX, no. 2 (June, 1979), 93-113. (See Dante Studies, CXIX, 200.)

Bregoli-Russo, Mauda. "Le Egloghe di Dante: Un'analisi." In Italica, LXII, No. 1 (Spring), 34-40. [1985]

The main purpose of the Egloghe is the defense of the remissus et humilis style of the Comedy and not a literary exercise or a fight between two cultural views. The bucolic style is considered an example of humble style in medieval rhetorics, and Dante uses it both to demonstrate the rich expressivity of the modus transumptivus (i.e., its metaphoric style), and to lean on the authority of Virgil.

Cambon, Glauco. "Wallace Stevens's Dialogue with Dante." In Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.), pp. 102-127. [1985]

Examines the many analogies between the works of Stevens and Dante, and the positive influence of the latter on the former, even though Stevens was resolutely opposed to the theology of the Commedia.

Cavel, Richard. "The Nth Adam: Dante in Klein's The Second Scroll." Canadian Literature, CVI (Fall), 45-53. [1985]

Discusses Dante's general influence on modern literature and centers on A. M. Klein who, as "spiritual and literary exile," incorporates many of the Florentine poet's metaphors (exodus, literary and spiritual quests) in his works, especially The Second Scroll

Chance, Jane. "The Origins and Development of Medieval Mythography: From Homer to Dante." In Mapping the Cosmos, edited by Jane Chance and R. O. Wells, Jr. (Houston: Rice University Press), pp. 35-64. [1985]

General study of the development of the mythographic tradition from Classical Antiquity to the Midde Ages with numerous references to Dante's use of these sources and his role as a mythographer.

Cherchi, Paolo. "Per la femmina balba." In Quaderni d'italianistica, VI, No. 2 (Autunno), 228-232. [1985]

After mentioning several possible sources for the description of the "femmina balba" of Purgatorio 19, including the "foetida Aetiopissa" described in the Vitae Patrum, the author suggests a passage in the Lilium medicinae of Bernard di Gordon as another possible source. In dealing with the treatment for the malady of lovesickness, Bernard suggests the help of a "vetula turpissima," whose graphic description bears some resemblances to Dante's "femmina balba." Considering Dante's longstanding interest in medicine, evidenced by the medical language in his writings, it is not impossible that the Lilium medicinae provided some background for his portrayal of this character.

Cioffi, Caron Ann. "'Dolce color d'oriental zaffiro': A Gloss on Purgatorio 1.13." In Modern Philology, LXXXII, No. 4 (May), 355-364. [1985]

Taking as her starting point Purgatory I:13, in which Dante once more picks up the thread of narrative after the exhortation of the first tercets, Cioffi finds that the central image of the sky as an "orïental zaffiro" has a correspondence to the description of the sapphire sky in Exodus 24:9-10, which the elders of Israel view from Mount Sinai. As the elders are unprepared to view God directly, so is Dante yet unprepared, though the serenity of the sapphire-like sky holds a promise of eventual revelation. The sapphire and its qualities have an extensive tradition in various commentaries, being associated with divine clarity and representing the glory of the Lord. Bede connects the sapphire, the Red Sea and baptism, and this adds further support for the symbolic actions of cleansing and rebirth that Dante performs in Purgatory I. In the lapidary tradition, the sapphire is associated with chastity and humility, as well as having the power "to make God receptive to prayer, to cleanse the eyes and alleviate bodily pain, and to free one from prison." It is a symbol of hope for salvation. Cioffi demonstrates that these qualities are all part of the fabric of the canto. In addition, early Dante critics have associated the stone with Beatrice, and Dante himself associates it with the Virgin Mary in Paradise XXIII:101. Finally, she comments on the significance of "orïental," referring both to a specific type of sapphire regarded as superior in quality and to the symbolic meanings attributed to the East in Christian thought. The sapphire from the Orient thus serves as a symbolic link between the human and the Divine.

Costa, Dennis. "One Good Reception Deserves Another: The Epistle to Can Grande." In Stanford Italian Review, V, No. 1 (Spring), 5-17. [1985]

Most readers of the Epistle have ignored the first four short "epistolary" chapters in favor of the "doctrinal" part which follows. But the entire letter, including these chapters, is a source of Dante's literary theory, an exposition of other of his works, and a guide to the spirit with which they are to be interpreted. The doctrinal part contains a series of verbal echoes, previously unnoticed, which refer back to the epistolary portion. And the epistolary part is actually a detailed model of the problem of reading texts, which is the theme of the doctrinal portion.

Crawford, Robert. "James Thomson and T. S. Eliot." Victorian Poetry, XXIII, No. 1 (Spring), 23-41. [1985]

Discusses Dante's influence on Thomson's poem The City of Dreadful Night and the combined influence of Dante and Thomson on T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land.

Cro, Stelio. "Figuralism, Historicism, Contextualism, Comparative Literature in Dante Studies (1979-1985)." In Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 47-131. An omnibus review-article of recent critical studies on Dante, all separately listed in full below, under Reviews. [1985]

Dante among the Moderns. Edited by Stuart Y. McDougal. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press. xiii, 175 p. [1985]

Eight essays (by John Freccero, George Bornstein, Hugh Kenner, Stuart Y. McDougal, Monroe K. Spears, Glauco Cambon, Wallace Fowlie, and Robert Fitzgerald) survey the indebtedness of modern writers to Dante, all of which are listed separately in the Studies section.

Farnell, Stewart. "The Harmony of Church and Empire in the Divine Comedy." In Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 1-11. [1985]

Dante's political thought has interest in today's world. In the Commedia Dante shows a fundamental optimism about the possibility of a harmonious coexistence of the two intertwined but distinct powers through loyalty to God, their common ruler. Today, as well, the relational problems between local and central government, as in a federal system, can be solved through a compromise directed toward the common goal of the country's welfare.

Farnell, Stewart. The Political Ideas of "The Divine Comedy": An Introduction. Lanham, Maryland, and London: University Press of America. vii, 144 p. [1985]

Examines in a very general way the political content of Dante's Commedia. Contents: Introduction; 1. Dante; 2. The Divine Comedy; 3. The Inferno; 4. The Purgatorio; 5. The Paradiso; 6. The Pattern of the Comedy's Political Ideas; 7. Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

Fitzgerald, Robert. "Mirroring the Commedia." In Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.), pp. 153-175. [1985]

A discussion of Laurence Binyon's translation of the Commedia. This essay previously appeared in Dante in America... (See Dante Studies, CII, 150-151, 153.)

Fowlie, Wallace. "Dante and Beckett." In Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.), pp. 128-152. [1985]

Analyzes the numerous direct and subtle ways in which Beckett appropriates material from Dante for his works.

Frankel, Margherita. "Dante's Conception of the Ideology of the Aeneid." In Proceedings of the Xth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du Xe congrès de l'Association internationale de littérature comparée, New York, 1982. Vol. 2: Comparative Poetics/Poétiques Comparées, edited by Claudio Guillén and Peggy Escher, asst. ed.; Anna Balakian, coordinating editor, and James J. Wilhelm, publications editor (New York: Garland), pp. 406-413. [1985]

In an attempt to explain the significance of Virgil and the Aeneid for Dante in the Commedia, Frankel argues that, while the political dimensions of the Latin epic were important in the writing of Convivio and De Monarchia, "what counts in the Commedia is the religious message of that poetry. Virgil is now conceived by Dante as an unwitting prophet of Christian truths and doctrines." Against the common claim that Virgil was chosen as the Pilgrim's guide "because as a poet he had celebrated the Roman Empire," she notes that "nowhere in the Commedia does Virgil speak of Rome and of the Empire, nor is the Aeneid ever cited in support of pro-Empire political theories." Recognizing that "in God's perspective the sole purpose of the Roman Empire of old was to unify the world in order to make it ready to receive the Word of Christ," Frankel argues that "in Dante's time, the purpose of a new empire is to restore and protect the Church and Mankind from the evil and strife caused by the merging of both temporal and spiritual powers in the hands of the Pope. ... The task of the Empire is to administer all temporal matters so that the Church, divested of earthly concerns, can return to evangelical purity and to its role of spiritual guide for mankind." In contrast to the salvation of Statius, Virgil's damnation is the direct result of his inability to "discern the meaning of his own poetry."

Freccero, John. "Virgil, Sweet Father." In Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.), pp. 3-10. [1985]

Distinguishes two different types of influence in the Commedia: the incorporation of the work of an earlier poet (Virgil's Aeneid) and the aspiration to poetic excellence and supremacy (vis-à-vis his contemporary Guido Cavalcanti); and these two sorts of influence may be observed between Dante and modern poets and among modern poets themselves.

Gellrich, Jesse M. The Idea of the Book in the Middle Ages: Language Theory, Mythology, and Fiction. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 292 p. illus. [1985]

Contains a chapter entitled "Dante's Liber Occultorum and the Structure of Allegory in the Commedia" (pp. 139-166), in which the author discusses the varying attitudes toward the allegory of the poem (Singleton, Hollander, Freccero, Mazzotta) and formulates his own view. "In the Commedia, the structure of allegory is not to be found in a signifying system seeking to represent an imaginary world; nor is its structure within the language itself, within the several 'levels' of semantic sense. The allegorical sign is not symbolic, and Dante has not created a myth. On the contrary, the allegory of the Commedia consists in the structure of temporal distance between the originary liber of God, envisioned in the sky at the end of the poem, and the book of written efforts to explain the experience of its meaning" (164-165).

Ginsberg, Warren. "'E chinando la mano a la sua faccia': A Note on Dante, Brunetto Latini, and Their Text." In Stanford Italian Review, V, No. 1 (Spring), 19-22. [1985]

Summarizes the interpretive debate of this verse: the gesture has been interpreted as one of greeting, surprise, affection, or simply a neutral consequence of the differing physical heights of the two figures. Citing five iconographic examples, Ginsberg suggests that the gesture is a traditional motif with underlying sexual connotations. Thus, with reference to Dante, the gesture is open to the many possibilities of interpretation mentioned; with reference to Brunetto it is a further indication of the nature of his sin.

Illustrations of this episode of the Commedia also emphasize the rapport between the two figures as writers; Dante the poet is depicted "pointing" at the failure of Brunetto's writing to gain him a place in heaven.

Gross, Kenneth. "Infernal Metamorphoses: An Interpretation of Dante's 'Counterpass.'" In MLN, C, No. 1 (January), 42-69. [1985]

A return to the origins of the word "contrapasso" as coined by Dante and as uttered by Bertran de Born in Inferno XXVIII reveals that the pains of Dante's Hell are revelatory rather than retaliatory. At the moment of death all damned undergo a transformation, experiencing an incarnation of their spiritual disorder. Examination of Inferno XXIV and XXV, in light of the counterpass involved and the theme of metamorphosis (based heavily on Ovid), demonstrates the association of the sin of thievery as representative of all sin and the symbolic presence of snakes as general spiritual degeneration.

Guzzardo, John. "Number Symbolism in the Vita Nuova." In Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 12-31. [1985]

In this overview of varying theories concerning number symbolism in the Vita Nuova Guzzardo formulates a tripartite structure of the work as it is divided thematically by its three main canzoni. These three stages reflect the ascent of the heart and mind to God in the Augustinian terms of extra nos, intra nos, and supra nos. Dante's progression to a state of transcendence appears once from the extra nos stage through the intra nos stage then repeats itself successfully in the supra nos stage, forming a two-thirds to one-third division. This binary structure reinforces the tripartite stucture and serves to call special attention to third step as it combines and transcends the preceding two.

Haines, Charles. "Patient Griselda and matta bestialitade." In Quaderni d'italianistica, VI, No. 2 (Autunno), 233-240. [1985]

Discusses Boccaccio's incorporation of the term "matta bestialità" (Inferno XI:82-83) in Decameron X:10, and how this lexical choice provides a key to the interpretation of this complex and ambiguous tale.

Hale, John K. "Traduttore Traditore?: The Value of English Versions of the Divina Commedia." In Forum Italicum, XIX, No. 1 (Spring), 120-139. [1985]

Hale examines the major difficulties facing translators when rendering the Commedia into English, discussing such problems as the value of retaining the original rhyme scheme and metre as opposed to adopting a style more natural to English, and how much creative freedom an individual translator should have in interpreting the original text. He also offers a brief history of some of the best-known English translations to date, citing what he considers to be their strengths and weaknesses.

Harrison, Robert Pogue. "A Phenomenology of the Vita Nuova." In Dissertation Abstracts International, XLV, No. 9 (March), 2869A. [1985]

Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, 1984. 211 p.

Hawkins, Peter S. "Transfiguring the Text: Ovid, Scripture and the Dynamics of Allusion." In Stanford Italian Review, V, No. 2 (Fall), 115-139. [1985]

Among the ancient poets referred to in Purgatorio XXVIII, 139-144, there seems to be an implicit tribute to Ovid and his Metamorphoses. But there is also the discontinuity between pagan metamorphosis and the gospel Transfiguration. In Purgatorio XXXII, 64-82, Dante comes to himself after sleep, not like Argus who was lulled to death in the pagan grove, but like the disciples who awoke on Mt. Tabor with a new vision, a vocation to go down and preach the truth. Despite its obvious debt to Ovid and Virgil, Dante's literary vocation is in fact linked not to the scripta paganorum but to Sacra Scrittura.

Herron, Carol Olivia. "The Vacillating Epic: The Dialectic of Opposing World Views in the Expansion of the Epic Literary Genre." In Dissertation Abstracts International, XLVI, No. 5 (November), 1271A-1272A. [1985]

Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1985. 239 p. (Considers Homer, Dante, and Milton.)

Herzman, Ronald B. "The Friar's Tale: Chaucer, Dante and the Translatio Studii." In Acta IX: "The Early Renaissance: Virgil and the Classical Tradition," edited by Anthony L. Pellegrini (Binghamton: The Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, 1985 [for 1982]), pp. 1-17. [1985]

Analyzes with some references to iconographic evidence the important similarities between the story of Frate Alberigo (Inferno XXXIII) and, more generally, cantos XXXIII-XXXIV and Chaucer's Friar's Tale (and to a lesser degree, the Summoner's Tale), which suggest that the latter poet was consciously using the Commedia in both a playful and a serious manner.

Holekamp, Elizabeth Lambert. "Dante into French: The Earliest Complete Translation of the Divine Comedy." In Dissertation Abstracts International, XLVI, No. 6 (December), 1642A. [1985]

Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 1985. 301 p.

Hollander, Robert. "Dante's Pagan Past: Notes on Inferno XIV and XVIII." In Stanford Italian Review, V, No. 1 (Spring), 23-36. [1985]

Discusses the episodes of Capaneus and Jason in the Inferno and how they actually serve to undermine Virgil's role as guide and mentor to the pilgrim. In the case of Capaneus, Hollander compares the blasphemer's disastrous siege of Thebes to Virgil's failed attempt to enter the city of Dis unaided. The author follows with a brief analysis of the scene with Jason, focusing on the association of Beatrice's comments on Virgil's speech: "la tua parola ornata" and Virgil's own description of Jason's "parole ornate", an association which further impairs Virgil's authority.

Hollander, Robert. "Ugolino's Supposed Cannibalism: A Bibliographical Note." In Quaderni d'italianistica, VI, No. 1 (Primavera), 64-81. [1985]

Presents a tabular and chronological review of the history of debate over this crux interpretum, from Jacopo della Lana to the present. The commentators are grouped into four opinions: 1) Ugolino died of hunger, 2) Ugolino died of hunger; he did not eat (or try to eat) his children, 3) The verse is ambiguous, but lends credence to the notion of cannibalism, and 4) Ugolino ate (or tried to eat) the children. The author concludes that the cannibalism enacted here is a deliberately wrought poetic effect which points beyond itself to a spiritual condition.

Holloway, Julia Bolton. "The Vita nuova: Paradigms of Pilgrimage." In Dante Studies, CIII, 103-124. [1985]

Suggests that the Vita Nuova should be read as a "palimpsest," one that discloses two complementary pilgrimage models--that of Emmaus (Luke 24) and Exodus. Argues that, in the latter paradigm, the 42 chapters of the Vita Nuova correspond to the description and interpretation of the 42 stations of Exodus (Numbers 33) in the exegetical tradition.

Howard, Lloyd. "Virgil's Discourse on Love in Purgatorio XVIII and Guido Cavalcanti." In Quaderni d'italianistica, VI, No. 2 (Autunno), 167-177. [1985]

Virgil's discourse on Love is used to account for the "absence" of Guido Cavalcanti in the Commedia. Because of the lack of mention of Guido in both De vulgari eloquentia and the Commedia, Howard postulates a split between the two former friends, perhaps over Guido's averroism and the abandonment of his lady, the vehicle which leads to salvation. Yet, Dante must deal with his former friend in some way. He does so partially in Inferno X, in the discourse with Guido's father. But it is in Virgil's discourse that Dante condemns his friend's averroism without mentioning his name, by subtly calling to the reader's mind the canzone "Donna me prega." Dante does this through three "signals:" 1) The use of the verb "pregare" in asking for an explanation, not a common occurrence in the Comedy; 2) Virgil's discourse refers to two of eight themes found in the canzone; and 3) The condemnation of averroists both before and after the discourse. Howard focuses particularly on a discussion of the possible intellect, and the differences between Virgil's and Guido's positions on the matter (which reflect the interpretation of Aristotle by St. Thomas and Averroes respectively). Dante's spiritual blindness is cured by Beatrice, who represents the correct road to salvation. Guido's blindness is damaging and must be condemned, lest the success of his canzone lead others astray.

Huot, Sylvia. "Seduction and Sublimation: Christine de Pizan, Jean de Meun, and Dante." In Romance Notes, XXV, No. 3 (Spring), 361-373. [1985]

Focuses on the controversial issue of Christine de Pizan's feminism within the broader context of her views on medieval class structure; Christine did not object to masculine authority per se, only to misogyny and sexual exploitation as found in literary texts. In Dante Christine found a "poetic and linguistic model" that she could use to support her own ideas, for in the Commedia "neither text nor lady is offered as an object of possession, but rather as a means to a higher end".

Huot, Sylvia. "Poetic Ambiguity and Reader Response in Boccaccio's Amorosa Visione." In Modern Philology, LXXXIII, No. 2 (November), 109-122. [1985]

Analyzes the poetic and moral ambiguity of the Amorosa Visione with many suggestive contrasts with the Commedia.

Hutchings, William. "Shat into Grace; or A Tale of a Turd: Why It Is How It Is in Samuel Beckett's How it Is." Papers on Language and Literature, XXI, No. 1 (Winter), 64-87. [1985]

Compares the plight of Beckett's narrator in How It Is to the punishment of the wrathful and sullen in Inferno III. Also examines the way in which the Commedia is a paradigm for Beckett's play.

Jacoff, Rachel. "Sacrifice and Empire: Thematic Analogies in San Vitale and the Paradiso." In Renaissance Studies in Honor of Craig Hugh Smyth, edited by Andrew Morrogh, Fiorella Superbi Gioffredi, Piero Morselli, and Eve Borsook. Villa I Tatti, The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies, 7. Vol I: History-Literature-Music (Florence: Giunti Barbèra), pp. 317-332. [1985]

Discusses the analogies between the iconographic representation of Justinian in the mosaics of the church of San Vitale in Ravenna and Dante's representation of the Emperor in cantos VI-VII of Paradiso.

Javitch, Daniel. "The Imitation of Imitations in Orlando furioso." In Renaissance Quarterly, XXXVIII, No. 2 (Summer), 215-239. [1985]

Cites Ariosto's "genealogy of sources" including Dante's encounter with Pier della Vigna (Inf. XIII) as reworked by Ariosto (Orlando Furioso, VI.27). Also argues that Ariosto's intention in "imitatio" is not to challenge, as is Dante's re-writing of Virgil.

Kay, Richard. "The Spare Ribs of Dante's Michael Scot." In Dante Studies, CIII, 1-14. [1985]

Taking as his point of departure Dante's unusual description of Michael Scot ("quell'altro che ne' fianchi è così poco," Inf. XXI, 115), Kay, after summarizing the life and works of Scot, investigates his Liber physiognomiae in an attempt to find in it an explanation of Dante's description of his physical characteristics. In that work, the section on De costis describes a person whose "ribs are thin, small, and bare of much flesh" as being, among other things, "bad, and just with respect to what is good" ["malum, et iustum ad bonum"]. With regard to the presentation of augury and Scot's discussion of it in his works, Kay argues that "from Dante's Christian point of view, Michael Scot could correctly be described as 'bad' because he approved of evil practices and presumably practiced what he preached; but because he carefully and consistently apprised his reader that the Church had condemned such practices, Michael could also be described as one who was 'just with respect to what is good'." Kay further suggests that the Liber physiognomiae might be used profitably to interpret the various physical conditions of souls in the Commedia.

Kenner, Hugh. "Ezra Pound's Commedia." In Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.), pp. 39-56. [1985]

Analyzes Pound's Cantos and the way his reading of Dante helped to shape the way he would use a variety of themes and traditions.

Kleinhenz, Christopher, and Anthony L. Pellegrini. "American Dante Bibliography for 1984." In Dante Studies, CIII, 139-171. [1985]

With brief analyses.

Kristeller, Paul Oskar. "Latin and Vernacular in Fourteenth- and Fifteenth-Century Italy." In Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance Association, VI (January), 105-126. [1985]

Kristeller supports the premise that the literary culture of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italy was bilingual, by demonstrating that from the time of the "three crowns" there were always minor works in vernacular, even during the period when Latin reigned. When the vernacular took precedence, Latin continued to be employed. The conclusion is best expressed in the author's own words: "In a comprehensive history of Italian culture, if not in a history of Italian literature, the despised Tuscan of the fifteenth century, the works written in the various dialects, and above all the Latin literature in all its forms, including learned prose, should find a place." Kristeller emphasizes Dante's contributions in both Latin and the vernacular, and points out his protohumanist strain, specifically his correspondence with Giovanni del Virgilio.

Levine, Robert. "Squaring the Circle: Dante's Solution." In Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, LXXXVI, No. 2, 280-284. [1985]

In Paradiso XXXIII, Dante offers two solutions to the "impossible" problem of squaring the circle. The logical solution, basd on Boethius' diagrams of triangles and squares, is reflected in the poetic use of three's and four's such as interna and squaderna. The theological solution is revealed in the paradox of the Incarnation, where Mary's womb (often represented as a square) contains the divine Circle. By drawing upon both solutions, the Dante establishes a kind of final heavenly harmony between logic and theology.

Levitan, Alan. "Dante as Listener, Cato's Rebuke, and Virgil's Self-Reproach." In Dante Studies, CIII, .37-55. [1985]

Suggests that the souls' aural absorption in Casella's song is analogous to Aeneas' visual absorption before the scenes depicted in the temples of Juno at Carthage (Aeneid I, 450-497) and of Apollo at Cumae (Aeneid VI, 14-55), both moments representing a confrontation of the hero with his past. Discusses Cato's rebuke (Purg. II) in relationship to Virgil's earlier rebuke of the Pilgrim (Inf. XXX, 124-135), the possible echoes of the Narcissus myth (visual and aural "mirroring") in Purg. II, and the implications and irony of Virgil's rimorso (Purg. III, 7-9) at Cato's rebuke.

Lyle, Janice. "Dante in British Art: 1770-1830." In Dissertation Abstracts International, XLV, No. 10 (April), 3017A. [1985]

Doctoral dissertation, University of California-Santa Barbara, 1984. 289 p. (Discusses Joshua Reynolds, Henry Fuseli, John Flaxman, and William Blake.)

McMahon, Robert. "The Christian Scripture of Ovid's Narcissus in the Commedia." In Pacific Coast Philology, XX, No. 1-2 (November), 65-69. [1985]

Argues that Dante incorporated and interpreted Ovid's story of Narcissus in each canticle, according to an infernal, purgatorial, or paradisal mode. McMahon suggests that the concluding scene in the Commedia should be read as a "paradisal inversion of the sensually arrested and deluded vision of Ovid's Narcissus." Along similar lines, he proposes that Dante gives a threefold interpretation (allegorical, tropological, and anagogical) of the Ovidian myth in Inferno 34 (the figure of Lucifer) and Purgatorio 30 (the Pilgrim's contrition).

Manca, Franco. "Dante e la poesia realistico-borghese." In Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 32-45. [1985]

The tenzone of Dante with Forese represents a real fight between them and not a purely literary exercise. In fact, Dante structures his encounter with Forese in Purg. XXIII, by using elements from the tenzone; however, the changes he makes in the tone and feeling are an attempt to remedy those earlier excesses and thus to reestablish their relationship.

McDougal, Stuart Y. "Dreaming a Renaissance: Pound's Dantean Inheritance." In Ezra Pound among the Poets. Edited by George Bornstein (Chicago and London: Chicago University Press), pp. 63-80. [1985]

Discusses Pound's study of Dante and the influence of the latter's works, especially De Vulgari Eloquentia and the Commedia.

McDougal, Stuart Y. "T. S. Eliot's Metaphysical Dante." In Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.), pp. 57-81. [1985]

For Eliot, Dante (together with the dolcestilnovisti) was the influential force that caused him to create a tradition of metaphysical poetry.

McDougal, Stuart Y., editor, Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.) [1985]

Nolan, E. Peter. "Beyond Macaronic: Embedded Latin in Dante and Langland." In Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Bononiensis. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Neo-Latin Studies. Bologna 26 August to 1 Sept. 1979, edited by R[ichard] J. Schoeck (Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies), pp. 539-548. [1985]

Uses Dante's views on the relative importance of Latin and the vernacular (De Vulgari Eloquentia and Convivio) and his incorporation of Latin in the Vita Nuova and the Commedia as the prelude to a discussion of Langland's use of Latin in Piers Plowman.

Nowak, Stanley J., Jr. "A Comparative Analysis of the Lazarillo de Tormes and the Seven Capital Sins." In Dissertation Abstracts International, XLVI, No. 4 (October), 973A. [1985]

Doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, 1984. 298 p. ("Parallels are drawn to Dante's Divina Commedia, especially in the use of the Seven Capital Sins as a controlling structure in 'Purgatorio'.")

Pellegrini, Anthony L. "American Dante Bibliography for 1984." See Kleinhenz, Christopher...

Peterman, Larry. "Reading the Convivio." In Dante Studies, CIII, 125-138. [1985]

Suggests that a consideration of numerical patterns and ordering in the Convivio may help to determine meaning in the work. In particular, the important central chapters--III, ix and III, x--are appropriately glossed by other chapters located at a remove of 7, 13, and 33 chapters from the center or at intervals based on these numbers. Discusses in this context the notion of "discretion," of "friendship," and of man as a "divino animale."

Petrocchi, Giorgio. "Manzoni e il De vulgari eloquentia." In Forum Italicum, XIX, No. 2 (Fall), 273-283. [1985]

Since he did not complete his book Della lingua italiana, Manzoni's position on the De Vulgari can be found only in scattered notes. He criticizes Dante for having formulated, as a model for literary language, an abstract language which is far removed from popular use. Moreover, in the Commedia Dante does not follow his theoretical precepts; rather, he draws on both the volgare illustre, which is reserved for the tragic genre, and the Florentine dialect.

Piehler, Paul. "The Rehabilitation of Prophecy: On Dante's Three Beasts." Florilegium, VII, 179-188. [1985]

Dante emulates the inspired writers by creating an allegory for theologians rather than an allegory of theologians. The Commedia's mythic and prophetic symbolism may be detected in the cryptic representation of the three beasts which offer a wide range of exegetical interpretation. Dante himself provides the key for the interpretation of this archetypal drama in the unfolding of the poem, answering the romantic demand for a literature of power as well as classical expectations of a literature of order.

Pipa, Arshi. "Personaggi della Vita Nuova: Dante, Cavalcanti e la famiglia Portinari." In Italica, LXII, No. 2 (Summer), 99-115. [1985]

Through a detailed textual and structural analysis the author attempts to demonstrate that the hidden but main purpose of the Vita Nuova is political. According to the author, Dante wrote it when he started his political career, and with a two-fold intent: to sever his ties with his old friend Cavalcanti, thus stressing his new bourgeois-moderate tendencies, and to gain support from his new friends, the influential Portinari clan, by transforming the deceased Beatrice into a saint.

Quinones, Ricardo J. "Ulysses' Brother: The Cain and Abel Theme in Dante's Commedia." In Renaissance Studies in Honor of Craig Hugh Smyth, edited by Andrew Morrogh, Fiorella Superbi Gioffredi, Piero Morselli, and Eve Borsook. Villa I Tatti, The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies, 7. Vol I: History-Literature-Music (Florence: Giunti Barbèra), pp. 437-453. [1985]

Presents a wide-ranging discussion of the different and contradictory aspects of Cain--the evil force living outside society, the founder of the degenerate earthly city, the envious fratricide whose progeny include giants and other monsters--and the Cain and Abel theme--the frères ennemis--in Western literature and, particularly, in Dante's Commedia, relating these several points in suggestive ways to the figure of Ulysses who, paired with Diomede and likened to Eteocles and Polyneices, has been given a "brother" and has, thus, been "demythologized" and "historicized."

Quint, David. "Humanism and Modernity: A Reconsideration of Bruni's Dialogues." In Renaissance Quarterly, XXXVIII, No. 3 (Autumn), 423-445. [1985]

Examines the discussion of Dante in the second Dialogue as a purely rhetorical ploy modelled on Antonius's recantation in Cicero's De Oratore. Quint argues that the dialogue instead extends the attack against the Trecento poets.

Rossi, Albert L. "Miro gurge (Par. XXX, 68): Virgilian Language and Textual Pattern in the River of Light." In Dante Studies, CIII, 79-101. [1985]

Studies the appearances of gurge in Classical authors and, given the link between fiumana and gurge in Par. XXX (64, 68), suggests the association with the fiumana of Inf. II (108) and further with the Aristaeus episode in Virgil's fourth Georgic (321). Explores the significance of "Dante's self-authorization as a new Aristaeus" and of the "stylistic implications of Dante's Latinism," concluding with a discussion of the "remaking of Dante's authority in light of Virgil's own poetic persona."

Roston, Jacqueline Gabrielle. Camus's Récit "La Chute:" A Rewriting through Dante's "Commedia". New York-Berne-Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. x, 179 p. (Studies in Humanities 5.) [1985]

Examines Camus's La Chute as a "rewriting" of the Commedia through a consideration of characters, language, themes and motifs, images, and a host of other elements which "reinforce and create the context and the interpretation of the rewriting."

Scaglione, Aldo. "Sonata Form and Structural Strategy in the Divine Comedy." In Studies in the Italian Renaissance: Essays in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, edited by Gian Paolo Biasin, Albert N. Mancini, and Nicolas J. Perella. Studi e testi di bibliologia e critica letteraria, XII (Napoli: Società Editrice Napoletana), pp. 13-26. [1985]

Dante shows his mastery in dealing with compositional structure in the following two ways, among others: 1) by charging the text with hidden "pretexts" and "intertexts" and 2) by using the variatio technique in different episodes. He could have derived his ability with variatio not only from rhetorical sources but also from musical ones.

Scott, John A. "Treachery in Dante." In Studies in the Italian Renaissance: Essays in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, edited by Gian Paolo Biasin, Albert N. Mancini, and Nicolas J. Perella. Studi e testi di bibliologia e critica letteraria, XII (Napoli: Società Editrice Napoletana), pp. 27-42. [1985]

Treats the unavoidable contradiction in the poet's division of fraud into simple and complex, and argues that examples of the latter are not confined only to the last section of Hell, but are an undercurrent also in episodes of simple fraud. Scott first emphasizes the essential negativity of this area of Hell: the ice is a symbol of sterility; the giants are aberrations of nature, treacherous and pridefully rebellious. Nimrod's rebellion wreaked havoc with the unity of language; his treachery is linked with that of Ganelon at Roncesvalles and the threat to the social unity of the Empire. The treacherous acts punished here are against both God and man, with disastrous consequences for humanity. Scott then examines two points peculiar to Dante's ordering of the sins of Fraud and Violence. In making Fraud the more hateful sin, Dante seems to agree with Cicero, but this puts him in opposition to Aquinas. Dante then differs from Cicero in maintaining that Fraud is peculiar to man. It is a misuse of his intellect, that divine attribute which is supposed to distinguish man from beast. This personal hatred of treachery, Scott argues, is manifest throughout the poem, but especially in the treatment Dante gives Boniface VIII and the other corrupt popes. The contradiction is that, as evil shepherds who betrayed the trust of their flock, the popes are "officially" guilty of simony, not treachery. The ambiguity is due to "Dante's sense of drama and his offended conscience," as well as his need to denounce the moral corruption of the Papacy.

Sowell, Madison U. "Chaucer and the Three Crowns of Florence (Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio): Recent Comparative Scholarship." In Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance Association, VI (January), 173-182. [1985]

Review-article of Chaucer and the Italian Trecento, edited by Piero Boitani

(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983); Howard H. Schless, Chaucer and Dante: A Revaluation (Norman, Oklahoma: Pilgrim Books, 1984); and R. A. Shoaf, Dante, Chaucer and the Currency of the Word: Money, Images, and Reference in Late Medieval Poetry (Norman, Oklahoma: Pilgrim Books, 1983). (For the latter two works see Dante Studies, CIII, 159-160 and 170-171, respectively.)

Spears, Monroe K. "The Divine Comedy of W. H. Auden." In Dante among the Moderns... (q. v.), pp. 82-101. [1985]

Reprinted from the Sewanee Review, XL, No. 1 (Winter, 1982), 53-72. (See Dante Studies, CI, 212.)

Spence, Sarah. "Myrrha, Myrrha in the Well: Metonymy and Interpretation in Inferno XXXIV." In Dante Studies, CIII, 15-36. [1985]

Proposes an alternate, psychologically oriented reading of Inferno XXXIV based on an elaborate series of allusions which function largely as metonymic displacements. Suggests, among other things, that Myrrha is a negative, alter ego of the Virgin Mary, that Lucifer is the alter ego of the crucified Christ (as suggested by the scenes on the ampullae of Monza and Bobbio), that the cross is made of wood from the myrrha tree, that Mary is connected with the myrrha tree, that Mary and Myrrha are both figures of death and rebirth, etc.

Stefanini, Ruggero. "I tre sogni del Purgatorio: struttura e allegoria." [1985]

In Studies in the Italian Renaissance: Essays in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, edited by Gian Paolo Biasin, Albert M. Mancini, and Nicolas J. Perella. Studi e testi di bibliologia e critica letteraria, XII (Napoli: Società Editrice Napoletana), pp. 43-66.

After describing the various critical interpretations, the author explains his agreement with the interpretation of Lucia as a symbol of the empire and Beatrice as a symbol of the church.

Stephany, William A. "Dante's Harpies: 'tristo annunzio di futuro danno." In Italica, LXII, No. 1 (Spring), 24-33. [1985]

Verse 12 of Inferno XIII "tristo annunzio di futuro danno" refers to the theme of prophecy throughout the Commedia, specifically to those episodes which point to Dante's exile. Understanding the presence of the harpies in a Virgilian context, the Pilgrim ultimately learns the value of responding positively to seemingly adverse situations.

Sturm-Maddox, Sara. Petrarch's Metamorphoses: Text and Subtext in the "Rime sparse." Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ix, 173 p. 22.5 cm. [1985]

Analyzes the interrelationships between Dante's Vita Nuova and Divina Commedia and Petrarch's Canzoniere, and the subversion of the former by the latter. Contents: 1. Introduction: Reading the Poet's Story; 2. Apollo and Daphne: The Ovidian Subtext; 3. Dante and Beatrice: The Stilnovist Subtext; 4. Dante and Beatrice: The Redemptive Subtext; 5. Augustine's Story: The Confessional Subtext; 6. Conclusion: The Meaning of Metamorphosis; Notes; Subject Index; Index of First Lines of the Rime.

Sturm-Maddox, Sara. "Rime sparse 25-28: The Metaphors of Choice." In Neophilologus, LXIX, No. 2 (April), 225-235. [1985]

Discusses Petrarch's evocations in these poems of the Commedia and, specifically, of the paradigmatic presentation by Dante of the Pilgrim's journey.

Terpening, Ronnie H. Charon and the Crossing: Ancient, Medieval, and Renaissance Transformations of a Myth. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press; London and Toronto: Associated University Presses. 293 p. illus. Bibliog. and index. [1985]

Contains numerous references to Dante throughout and devotes several pages (127-139; Part II, Chapter 9: "Charon in Italy from Dante to Marino: Epic Poets") to the figure of Charon and to other "crossings" in the Commedia (Phlegyas in Inf. VIII and Cato and the Celestial Ferryman in Purg. I-II).

Van Dyke, Carolynn. The Fiction of Truth: Structures of Meaning in Narrative and Dramatic Allegory. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 315 p. [1985]

Contains a chapter on "Truth in Transformation: The Divine Comedy" (205-246). Within a general discussion of allegory from Prudentius's Psychomachia to Spenser's The Faerie Queene the author reviews the long debate on the nature of allegory in the Commedia and argues that Dante "succeeded in writing integumental allegory--narrative whose syncretic agents are not immediately apprehensible." She concentrates on the poet's various modes of signifying with examples drawn from numerous cantos and, especially, Purgatorio IX-XII. She concludes: "On the one hand, the Divine Comedy is shaped by a preexistent doctrine that includes many of the text's referents. On the other hand, the doctrine's existence does not render the poem redundant. The modern reader's conviction that the poem means something other than its explicit and implicit doctrines does not impose an anachronistic, unchristian aesthetic on Dante. In acknowledging the need for accommodative metaphor, and in concluding the Paradiso not with doctrinal statement but with inexplicable experience, Dante suggests that poetry is an essential complement of doctrine. Indeed, he comes very close to the Romantic position that the truth must always be reimagined. Of course, unlike Romantic poetry, Dante's demonstrably evokes a second way of conveying truth: abstract formulation. The narrative's setting in the Christian otherworld guarantees that we will seek doctrinal correlatives to the action, and Dante's skill as a poet ensures that we will find them, more or less continuously and more or less accurately. But because they are outside the poem, we cannot safely center our reading in them; and because they shape the poem, we do not need to. If Dante's agents and objects imply universal antecedents, the poem's meaning is their multiple ways of doing so. ...readers of the poem are led to perceive meaning in various ways, not least of which are the shifts from one mode of communication to another. For Dante, reality itself is law-governed--every element of God's creation is part of a pattern--but the pattern is seldom directly discernible, and never fully discernible through any human medium. Revelation is a never-ending education of vision. Because his allegory participates in that process, acknowledging the limitations of human language while defining and rewarding our faith in it, his poem can be called without arrogance 'divine'."

Verduin, Kathleen. "Hemingway's Dante: A Note on Across the River and into the Trees." In American Literature, LVII, No. 4 (December), 633-640. [1985]

Discusses Hemingway's general knowledge of Dante and his works and concentrates on the specific evocations of the mythic, Byronic figure of Dante in the novel Across the River and into the Woods.

Wilhelm, James J., "The 'Closed Troubadours' and Dante: Varieties of Medieval Hermeticism." In Proceedings of the Xth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du Xe congrès de l'Association internationale de littérature comparée, New York, 1982. Vol. 2: Comparative Poetics/Poétiques Comparées, edited by Claudio Guillén and Peggy Escher, asst. ed.; Anna Balakian, coordinating editor, and James J. Wilhelm, publications editor (New York: Garland), pp. 587-591 [1985]

Arguing that students and critics of literature should also examine the differences among poets in order to understand and appreciate their "real individuality," Wilhlem briefly discusses Arnaut Daniel, Raimbaut of Orange, and Dante as diverse representatives of the "richness of hermetic expression in the Middle Ages. ... Each shows a variation in tone from the whimsical playfulness of Arnaut to the somber pessimism of Raimbaut to the profound contemplation of Dante."

Zweig, Robert M. "The Victorian Dante: Dante and Victorian Literary Criticism." In Dissertation Abstracts International, XLV, No. 8 (February), 2538A. [1985]

Doctoral dissertation, City University of New York, 1984. 222 p.

Dante in Hell. The "De Vulgari Eloquentia". Introduction, Text, Translation, and Commentary by Warman Welliver. Ravenna: Longo, 1981. (See Dante Studies, C, 134.) Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 107-110.

Dante's Inferno: The First Part of the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. Translated and illustrated by Tom Phillips. London and New York: Thames and Hudson, 1985. Reviewed by:

Cecil Grayson, in Times Literary Supplement, 26 July 1985, p. 816.

Dante's Paradise. Translated with notes and commentary by Mark Musa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984. (See Dante Studies, CIII, 140.)

Reviewed by:

Giuseppe C. Di Scipio, In Italica, LXII, No. 2 (Summer), 143-145.

Madison U. Sowell, in Speculum, LX, No. 3 (July), 669-671.

Joseph Tusiani, in Forum Italicum XIX, No. 2 (Fall), 338-340.

Altomonte, Antonio. Dante: Una vita per l'imperatore. Milano: Rusconi, 1985.

Reviewed by:

Giancarlo Pandini, in Forum Italicum, XIX, No. 2 (Fall), 341-343.

Esposito, Vittoriano, in Rivista di Studi Italiani, III, No. 1 (giugno), 136-138.

Anderson, William. Dante the Maker. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980. (See Dante Studies, CI, 194-195) Reviewed by:

Stephen J. Russell, in Romance Philology, XXXVIII, No. 4 (May), 552-555.

Arte e letteratura per Giovanni Fallani, miscellanea di studi artistici e letterari in onore di S. E. Mons. Giovanni Fallani in occasione del XXV di presidente. Napoli: Società Editrice Napoletana, 1982. Reviewed by:

Michael Ukas, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 31, 218-220.

Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Studi Danteschi, a cura del Comune di Ravenna e della Società Dantesca Italiana (Ravenna, 10-12 sett. 1971). Ravenna: Longo, 1979. (See Dante Studies, CII, 167.) Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 49-55.

Babylon on the Rhone: A Translation of the Letters by Dante, Petrarch, and Catherine of Siena on the Avignon Papacy. Translated by Robert Coogan. Madrid: Porrua Turanzas, 1983. Contains four letters by Dante (Epistolae V-VIII). (See Dante Studies, CII, 146) Reviewed by:

Benjamin G. Kohl, in Speculum, LX, No. 2 (April), 476

Boitani, Piero. Chaucer and Boccaccio. Oxford: Society for the Study of Mediaeval Languages and Literature, 1977. 210 p. 21 cm. Medium Aevum Monographs, N.S., 8)

Cites many Dantean echoes in Boccaccio's Teseida and his commentary thereto (cf. table, pp. 61-71) in relating the work to Chaucer's Knight's Tale. Reviewed by:

Howard H. Schless, in Speculum, LX, No. 3 (July), 644-646.

Bolognese, Giuseppe. Dante Resources in Australia: A Reference and Location Catalogue of Dante-Related Materials Held by State and University Libraries in Australia. Modena: Foto-Lito Dini, 1982. Reviewed by:

Dino S. Cervigni, in Annali d'italianistica, III, 181-182.

Bono, Barbara J. Literary Transvaluation: From Vergilian Epic to Shakespearean Tragicomedy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. Reviewed by:

Annabel Patterson, in Renaissance Quarterly, XXXVIII, 3 (Autumn), 570-573.

Boyde, Patrick. Dante Philomythes and Philosopher. Man in the Cosmos. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. (See Dante Studies, CII, 167, and CIII, 165.)

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 91-102.

Cambridge Readings in Dante's "Comedy". Edited by Kenelm Foster and Patrick Boyde. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. (See Dante Studies, CII, 167-168.) Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 76-81.

Cassell, Anthony K. Dante's Fearful Art of Justice. Toronto-Buffalo-London: University of Toronto Press, 1984. (See Dante Studies, CIII, 144) Reviewed by:

Teodolinda Barolini, in Renaissance Quarterly, XXXVIII, No. 4 (Winter), 705-708.

Chiampi, James Thomas. Shadowy Prefaces: Conversion and Writing in the "Divine Comedy". Ravenna: Longo, 1981. (See Dante Studies, C, 138.) Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 103-106.

La Cumégia (La "Divina Commedia"). Tradotta in romagnolo da Luigi Soldati; presentazione di Tullio De Mauro; revisione del testo e introduzione di Giuseppe Bellosi. Ravenna: Longo, 1982. 845 p. Reviewed by:

Robert C. Melzi, in Forum Italicum, XIX, No. 2 (Fall), 340-341.

D'Andrea, Antonio. Il nome della storia: studi e ricerche di storia e letteratura. Napoli: Liguori, 1982. (See Dante Studies, CI, 197.) Reviewed by:

Alfredo Bonadeo, in Italica, LXII, No. 2 (Summer), 142-143.

Gustavo Costa, in Forum Italicum, XIX, No. 2 (Fall), 333-335.

Dante in America: The First Two Centuries. Edited by A. Bartlett Giamatti. Binghamton: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York, 1983. (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 23.) (See Dante Studies, CII, 150-151.) Reviewed by:

Ronald B. Herzman, in Speculum, LX, No. 3 (July), 678-679.

Louis R. Rossi, in Italica, LXII, No. 2 (Summer), 145-147.

Dante Soundings. Edited by David Nolan. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1981. (See Dante Studies, C, 139.) Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 82-90.

Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio: Studies in the Italian Trecento in Honor of Charles S. Singleton. Edited by Aldo S. Bernardo and Anthony L. Pellegrini. Binghamton, New York: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1983. (See Dante Studies, CII, 151.) Reviewed by:

C[ecil]-G[rayson], in Italian Studies, XL, 109-111.

Dauphiné, James. Le cosmos de Dante. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1984. Reviewed by:

Simone Maser, in Renaissance and Reformation, IX, No. 3 (August), 226-227.

Di Scipio, Giuseppe C. The Symbolic Rose in Dante's "Paradiso". Ravenna: Longo, 1984). (See Dante Studies, CIII, 147-148.) Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 124.

The Emergence of National Languages. Edited by Aldo Scaglione. Ravenna: Longo, 1984. Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 118-123.

Robert J. Di Pietro, in Italian Culture, V (1984), 171-175.

Greene, Thomas M. The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982). (See Dante Studies, CI, 202.) Reviewed by:

Daniel Javitch, in Comparative Literature, XXXVII, No. 1 (Winter), 69-73.

Ronald A. Rebholz, in Modern Philology, LXXXII, No. 4 (May), 414-416.

Dante Comparisons. Edited by Eric Haywood and Barry Jones. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1985). Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 125-131.

Hollander, Robert. Studies in Dante. Ravenna: Longo, 1980. (See Dante Studies, XCIX, 183-184, C, 158, CI, 218.) Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 64-75.

Hollander, Robert. Il Virgilio dantesco: Tragedia nella "Commedia." Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore, 1983. (See Dante Studies, CII, 156.) Reviewed by:

August Buck, in Deutsches Dante-Jahrbuch, LX, 173-176.

Marguerite M. Chiarenza, in Quaderni d'italianistica, VI, No. 2 (Autunno), 268-270.

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No. 30, 47-48 and 111-117.

Manfred Lentzen, in Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie, CI, Heft 3/4 , 401-403.

Le Goff, Jacques. The Birth of Purgatory. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. (See Dante Studies, CIII, 154.) Reviewed by:

D. P. Walker, in New York Times Book Review, January 26, p. 38.

Mazzoni, Jacopo. "On the Defense of the Comedy of Dante." Introduction and Summary. Translated with a Critical Preface by Robert L. Montgomery, Jr. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1983. (See Dante Studies, CII, 158.) Reviewed by:

John J. Guzzardo, in Italica, LXII, No. 4 (Winter), 321-322.

Mazzotta, Giuseppe. Dante, Poet of the Desert: History and Allegory in the "Divine Comedy". Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. (See Dante Studies, XCVIII, 168-169.) Reviewed by:

Stelio Cro, in Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, VIII, No.30, 56-63.

Vincenzo Tripodi, in Kentucky Romance Quarterly, XXXII, No. 4, 431-432.

Moleta, Vincent. Guinizelli in Dante. Roma: Storia e Letteratura, 1980. 203 p. (Temi e testi, 31). Reviewed by:

Rachel Jacoff, in Speculum, LXI, No. 1 (January), 182-184.

O'Donoghue, Bernard. The Courtly Love Tradition. Manchester, England:

Manchester University Press; Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes and Noble, 1982.

vi, 314 p. (Literature in Context.) Reviewed by:

F. R. P. Akehurst, in Speculum, LX, No 1 (January), 224-225.

Pirrotta, Nino. Music and Culture in Italy from the Middle Ages to the Baroque: A Collection of Essays. Edited by Lewis Lockwood and Cristoph Wolff. Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 1984. (See Dante Studies, CIII, 158.) Reviewed by:

Leeman L. Perkins, in Renaissance Quarterly, XXXVIII, No. 3 (Autumn) 529-532.

Regan, Mariann Sanders. Love Words: The Self and the Text in Medieval and Renaissance Poetry. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982. (See Dante Studies, CI, 209.) Reviewed by:

Diane Chaffee-Sorace, in Romance Philology, XXXIX, No. 1 (August), 108-117.

Reynolds, Mary T. Joyce and Dante: The Shaping Imagination. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981. (See Dante Studies, C, 151.) Reviewed by:

Corinna Del Greco Lobner, in James Joyce Quarterly, XXII, No. 2 (Winter), 223-230.

Rome in the Renaissance. Edited by P.A. Ramsey. Papers of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton. Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, 1982. ("Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies.") 464 p.

Contains: Charles T. Davis, "Rome and Babylon in Dante" (See Dante Studies, CI, 198.) Reviewed by:

Bonner Mitchell, in Forum Italicum, XIX, No. 1 (Spring), 171-173.

Russell, Rinaldina. Generi poetici medioevali: Modelli e funzioni letterarie. Napoli: Società Editrice Napoletana, 1982. Reviewed by:

Salvatore Bancheri, in Quaderni d'Italianistica, VI, No. 1 (Primavera), 149-151.

Paolo Cherchi, in Forum Italicum, XIX, No. 1 (Spring), 165-166.

Schless, Howard H. Chaucer and Dante: A Revaluation. Norman, Oklahoma: Pilgrim Books, 1984. (See Dante Studies, CIII, 159-160.) Reviewed by:

Barbara Nolan, in Manuscripta, XXIX, No. 3 (November), 195-196.

Daniel J. Ransom, in Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, XII, No. 3 (September), 514-517.

Starn, Randolph. Contrary Commonwealth: The Theme of Exile in Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press, 1982. (See Dante Studies, CI, 212.) Reviewed by:

Humfrey Butters, in Renaissance Quarterly, XXXVIII, No. 4 (Winter), 701-702.

Terpening, Ronnie H. Charon and the Crossing: Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance transformations of a Myth. Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: 1985.

(See above, under Studies.) Reviewed by:

Thomas G. Bergin, in Annali d'italianistica, III, 187-188.

Vestigia: Studi in onore di Giuseppe Billanovich, 2 vols., a cura di Rino Avesani, Mirella Ferrari, Tino Foffano, Giuseppe Frasso, Agostino Sottili. Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1984. xxxv, 824 p. Reviewed by:

Sesto Prete, in Res Publica Litterarum, VIII, 305-307.

Wetherbee, Winthrop. Chaucer and the Poets: An Essay on "Troilus and Criseyde". Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.

Contains numerous references to Dante throughout and two chapters: "Thebes and Troy: Statius and Dante's Statius" (111-144) and "Dante and the Troilus" (145-178). Reviewed by:

Paul G. Ruggiers, in Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, XII, No. 3 (September), 511-514.

Cooksey, Thomas L. "Rossetti's Intellegenza nova: Perception, Poetry and Vision in Dante at Verona." In Victorian Newsletter, LXVI (Fall, 1984), 10-13.

Discusses Rossetti's use of Dante's Vita Nuova and especially the theme of political exile in Dante at Verona.

Heilbronn, Denise. "Contrapuntal Imagery in Paradiso VIII," Italian Culture, V (1984), 39-54.

Analyzes the dual simile in Paradiso VIII (vv. 16-21), in which visual and auditive elements are made analogous, and discusses this notion of "contrapuntal imagery" in the more general context of polyphonic music in the early Trecento.

Lemay, Helen Rodnite. "Guido Bonatti: Astrology, Society and

Marriage in Thirteenth-Century Italy," Journal of Popular Culture, XVII, No. 4 (Spring, 1984), 79-90.

Examines the multitude of information on daily life (marriage, child-raising, friendship, etc.) found in the Liber astronomicus of Guido Bonatti (whom Dante places among the diviners in Inf. XX).

Singer, Irving. The Nature of Love. Vol. 2: Courtly and Romantic. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1984. xv, 513 p. Indexed.

Contains a chapter entitled "Love in Three Italian Poets: Petrarch, Cavalcanti, Dante" (129-164), in which these poets' attitudes toward love are discussed and placed within the larger medieval context.

Speciale, Emilio. "Brunetto Latini e il sapere." In Carte Italiane, V (1983-84), 19-32.

Discusses Brunetto Latini's notion of knowledge and its uses, with some comparisons to Dante.

Wetherbee, Winthrop. "'Poeta che mi guidi': Dante, Lucan, and Virgil." In Canons. Edited by Robert von Hallberg (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1984), pp. 131-148.

Analyzes in great detail three episodes in the Commedia to demonstrate the dynamic interaction between Dante and two classical poets (Lucan [Pharsalia] and Virgil [Aeneid]), the care with which he read their texts, and the intense manner of his response to them. The episodes treated are Purg. I-II (Cato), Inf. V (Francesca), and Inf. I-II (the initial encounter with Virgil.

University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin